Replication/Reproduction
The reproduction of the Variola virus begins when the virus attaches to the membrane receptors on the outside of the cell. It then enters the cell through a currently unknown process. As it enters the cell it loses its membrane coat. Inside the cell, the virus's proteins, , enzymes, and DNA are released into the cytoplasm of the cell. There, the viral replication and assembly happens. Type 1 topiosomerase enzymes uncoil the compressed strands of DNA and aid in replicating the early genes. Then, the late genes are replicated. During replication, concatamers are formed and cleaved to form individual virus genomes. The variola virus can replicate itself without using any of the host cell's replication organelles. The viral membranes are taken from the cisternae of between the Golgi apparatus and ER of the host cell. About 12 hours after infection, the viruses are released from the host cell, usually resulting in its death.
The two main virus life cycles are the lytic and lysogenic cycles. The lytic cycle results in the death of the host cell. In the last stage of infection, the bacterium lyses and releases the viruses that were produced inside the cell. In the lytic cycle, after the viral DNA is injected into the cell, it chops up the bacterial DNA and then directs the production of phage proteins and nucleotides from the degraded DNA which are used to make copies of the virus. In a lysogenic cycle, after it is injected into the bacteria, the viral DNA integrates into the bacterial DNA and is reproduced with the bacterial DNA normally when the bacteria reproduces. A lysogenic cycle can turn lytic at any time.
The two main virus life cycles are the lytic and lysogenic cycles. The lytic cycle results in the death of the host cell. In the last stage of infection, the bacterium lyses and releases the viruses that were produced inside the cell. In the lytic cycle, after the viral DNA is injected into the cell, it chops up the bacterial DNA and then directs the production of phage proteins and nucleotides from the degraded DNA which are used to make copies of the virus. In a lysogenic cycle, after it is injected into the bacteria, the viral DNA integrates into the bacterial DNA and is reproduced with the bacterial DNA normally when the bacteria reproduces. A lysogenic cycle can turn lytic at any time.